Burushaski primarily has bristles vowels, /i e a o u/. Assorted contractions aftereffect in continued vowels; fatigued vowels (marked with astute accents in Berger's transcription) tend to be best and beneath "open" than unstressed ones (i e a o u as against to ɪ ɛ ʌ ɔ ʊ). Continued vowels additionally action in loans and in a few artful words (Grune 1998). All vowels accept nasal counterparts in Hunza (in some alive words) and in Nager (also in able names and a few added words).
Berger (1998) finds the afterward consonants to be phonemic, apparent beneath in his archetype and in the IPA:
Bilabial Dental Alveolo-
palatal Retroflex Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ṅ /ŋ/
Plosive aspirated ph /pʰ/1 th /tʰ/ ṭh /ʈʰ/ kh /kʰ/ qh /qʰ/2
plain p /p/ t /t/ ṭ /ʈ/ k /k/ q /q/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ ḍ /ɖ/ g /ɡ/
Affricate aspirated3 ch /t͡sʰ/ ćh /t͡ɕʰ/ c̣h /ʈ͡ʂʰ/
plain c /t͡s/ ć /t͡ɕ/ c̣ /ʈ͡ʂ/
voiced j /d͡ʑ/4 j̣ /ɖ͡ʐ/5
Fricative voiceless s /s/ ś /ɕ/ ṣ /ʂ/ h /h/
voiced z /z/ ġ /ʁ/
Trill r /r/
Approximant l /l/ y j6 ỵ /ɻ/7 w w6
Notes:
^ Pronunciation varies: pʰ ~ p͡f ~ f.
^ Pronunciation varies: qʰ ~ q͡χ ~ χ.
^ The Yasin accent lacks aspirated affricates and uses the apparent ones instead.
^ Sometimes arresting ʑ.
^ Sometimes arresting ʐ.
^ a b Berger (1998) commendations w and j as allophones of /u/ and /i/ that action in advanced of fatigued vowels.
^ This phoneme has assorted pronunciations, all of which are attenuate sounds cross-linguistically. Descriptions include: "a accurate retroflex affricate with accompanying dorso-palatal narrowing" (apparently ʐʲ) (Berger 1998); "a affricate r, arresting with the argot in the retroflex ('cerebral') position" (apparently ɻ̝/ʐ̞, a complete which additionally occurs in Standard Chinese, accounting r in Pinyin) (Morgenstierne 1945); and "a analytical complete whose phonetic realizations alter from a retroflex, spirantized coast to a retroflex velarized spirant" (Anderson forthcoming). In any case, it does not action in the Yasin dialect, and in Hunza and Nager it does not action at the alpha of words.
Berger (1998) finds the afterward consonants to be phonemic, apparent beneath in his archetype and in the IPA:
Bilabial Dental Alveolo-
palatal Retroflex Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ṅ /ŋ/
Plosive aspirated ph /pʰ/1 th /tʰ/ ṭh /ʈʰ/ kh /kʰ/ qh /qʰ/2
plain p /p/ t /t/ ṭ /ʈ/ k /k/ q /q/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ ḍ /ɖ/ g /ɡ/
Affricate aspirated3 ch /t͡sʰ/ ćh /t͡ɕʰ/ c̣h /ʈ͡ʂʰ/
plain c /t͡s/ ć /t͡ɕ/ c̣ /ʈ͡ʂ/
voiced j /d͡ʑ/4 j̣ /ɖ͡ʐ/5
Fricative voiceless s /s/ ś /ɕ/ ṣ /ʂ/ h /h/
voiced z /z/ ġ /ʁ/
Trill r /r/
Approximant l /l/ y j6 ỵ /ɻ/7 w w6
Notes:
^ Pronunciation varies: pʰ ~ p͡f ~ f.
^ Pronunciation varies: qʰ ~ q͡χ ~ χ.
^ The Yasin accent lacks aspirated affricates and uses the apparent ones instead.
^ Sometimes arresting ʑ.
^ Sometimes arresting ʐ.
^ a b Berger (1998) commendations w and j as allophones of /u/ and /i/ that action in advanced of fatigued vowels.
^ This phoneme has assorted pronunciations, all of which are attenuate sounds cross-linguistically. Descriptions include: "a accurate retroflex affricate with accompanying dorso-palatal narrowing" (apparently ʐʲ) (Berger 1998); "a affricate r, arresting with the argot in the retroflex ('cerebral') position" (apparently ɻ̝/ʐ̞, a complete which additionally occurs in Standard Chinese, accounting r in Pinyin) (Morgenstierne 1945); and "a analytical complete whose phonetic realizations alter from a retroflex, spirantized coast to a retroflex velarized spirant" (Anderson forthcoming). In any case, it does not action in the Yasin dialect, and in Hunza and Nager it does not action at the alpha of words.
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